By Rev. Rolando Gomez Comon (Apu Adman), Developer and Reviver of Hilot Binabaylan, Founder of Hilot Academy of Binabaylan
Overview
This article clarifies three intertwined questions:
- Was hilot a “business” in pre‑colonial times?
- How do “necessity” and “commodity” differ—and where does hilot belong?
- Did manghihilot have formal groups and leaders in ancient times—and how does that history inform modern debates over legitimacy and leadership?
It closes with a Position Paper presenting the historical‑theological justification for the leadership of the Hilot Academy of Binabaylan, and a peaceful indigenous response to critiques of legitimacy—grounded in culture, service, and spiritual calling.
I. Was Hilot a “Business” in Pre‑Colonial Times?
Short answer: No—not in the modern market sense. In pre‑colonial Philippine communities, hilot was a community health service embedded in spiritual practice, herbal knowledge, and manual healing, provided by manghihilot, albularyo, and babaylan. Compensation typically came through reciprocity—food, portions of harvest, help, or other gifts—rather than profit margins or standardized prices. The work was spirit‑led and community‑validated, not market‑driven.
Sources: Overviews consistently describe hilot as a holistic, culturally embedded practice rather than mere massage or commerce, emphasizing its role in childbirth, midwifery, herbalism, and spiritual healing. [beholdphil…ppines.com], [en.wikipedia.org], [nipino.com]
II. Necessity vs. Commodity—And Where Hilot Belongs
A. Definitions
- Necessity: Goods or services essential to life and well‑being; demand is relatively inelastic because people need them regardless of price (e.g., food, water, shelter, basic healthcare). [difference.wiki], [fiveable.me]
- Commodity: A good or service produced for trade, often fungible (interchangeable) and subject to market pricing and speculation (e.g., grains, metals, oil). [en.wikipedia.org], [merriam-webster.com]
B. Where Hilot Belongs
Pre‑colonial hilot functioned as a necessity: it was the primary healthcare for many communities—covering musculoskeletal care, prenatal and childbirth support, herbal medicine, and spiritual balance. Its demand derived from communal need and spiritual obligation, not price sensitivity or brand competition. [beholdphil…ppines.com], [nipino.com]
Modern hilot can be commodified (e.g., spa menus, wellness tourism, branded trainings) when offered through market channels with fees, packages, and certifications. That shift—from necessity to commodity—is a feature of contemporary market systems, not ancient practice. [insights.m…ourism.com]
III. Did Ancient Manghihilot Have Groups and Leadership?
A. Autonomy and Place‑Based Calling
Pre‑colonial healers (manghihilot, babaylan/katalonan, mumbaki, walian, etc.) were typically autonomous, place‑based, and lineage/apprenticeship‑trained. Their recognition flowed from efficacy, ritual authority, and the community’s trust, rather than from a centralized guild or national hierarchy. [en.wikipedia.org], [centerforb…tudies.org]
B. Functional Differentiation, Not Bureaucratic Hierarchy
Communities often distinguished roles—e.g., bone setting and soft‑tissue manipulation (manghihilot), herbal pharmacopeia (albularyo), and ritual leadership (babaylan). This was functional diversity, not a top‑down chain of command. [en.wikipedia.org]
C. Spirit‑Led Leadership
Authority was relational, situational, and spirit‑led. Healers “bowed” to Divine/Diwata/Anito and served communal welfare. Their “leadership” was service‑based: respected because their practice worked, their counsel guided, and their rituals healed. [en.wikipedia.org]
Conclusion: Your understanding is correct. Ancient healers were independent and community‑anchored; modern inter‑group competition is largely a post‑colonial/market phenomenon.
IV. Why Do Modern Legitimacy Conflicts Arise?
- Marketization & Branding: As hilot enters market frameworks (pricing, certifications, brand identities), groups understandably advocate for their models and standards—sometimes sliding into competitive claims. [insights.m…ourism.com]
- Colonial & Post‑Colonial Disruptions: Historic suppression of indigenous spiritual healing fractured lineages, creating a vacuum later filled by new institutions seeking validation—occasionally through gatekeeping or delegitimization. Scholarly descriptions of babaylan roles and suppression across the archipelago contextualize this dynamic. [en.wikipedia.org]
V. The Role of Hilot Academy of Binabaylan (HAB)
The Hilot Academy of Binabaylan is not a “supreme authority.” It is a modern container—a learning community that preserves, organizes, and passes on indigenous healing knowledge responsibly. HAB provides structure for continuity amidst contemporary realities (urbanization, fragmented lineages, global students), while honoring spirit‑led autonomy and community service as the core of hilot. [beholdphil…ppines.com], [nipino.com]
VI. Position Paper
Historical‑Theological Justification of Leadership in the Hilot Academy of Binabaylan
A. Premises
- Historical Continuity: Pre‑colonial hilot thrived as a necessity embedded in communal life, stewarded by healers recognized through efficacy and service, not bureaucratic titles. [beholdphil…ppines.com], [en.wikipedia.org]
- Disruption and Need for a Modern Framework: Colonial/post‑colonial disruptions fragmented lineages and ritual ecologies, necessitating contemporary educational structures to safeguard and transmit knowledge. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Theological Grounding: In indigenous perspectives, calling (tawag) originates from the Divine/Diwata/Anito. Leadership is diakonia (service), not dominion: a covenant with community well‑being and spiritual balance. [en.wikipedia.org]
B. Claim
HAB leadership is an instrumental guardianship—a service mandate to preserve and cultivate Hilot Binabaylan as living tradition within modern contexts. It organizes curricula, mentorships, and ethics not to supplant community healers but to support, strengthen, and transmit the practice responsibly.
C. Justification
- Historical Justification: Establishing an academy aligns with historical patterns of apprenticeship and communal validation, translated into a modern educational container because the original village matrices are often unavailable. [beholdphil…ppines.com]
- Theological Justification: Leadership is vocational—rooted in a call to serve. As with babaylan, authority is measured by healing efficacy, ethical conduct, and faithfulness to the spirits and community, not by claims of supremacy. HAB’s leadership adopts this servant‑covenant model. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Cultural Justification: HAB functions as cultural stewardship against commodification without context—ensuring that when hilot enters modern venues (spas, tourism, global education), it carries its cosmology, ethics, and community orientation intact. [insights.m…ourism.com]
D. Principles of HAB Leadership
- Service over Supremacy: Leadership exists to equip, not to dominate.
- Spirit‑Led Autonomy: Honor practitioners’ place‑based callings and local lineages. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Community‑First Ethics: Measure success in community welfare and healing outcomes, not in market share. [beholdphil…ppines.com]
- Scholarly Integrity: Teach hilot’s history, techniques, and cosmology with rigor and respect. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Reciprocity and Respect: Maintain mutual recognition across diverse hilot traditions and regions. [centerforb…tudies.org]
VII. Peaceful Indigenous Response to Critiques of Legitimacy
When confronted with questions about legitimacy or leadership, HAB offers this peaceful, culturally rooted response:
- Affirm the Shared Ground “We honor all who respond to the call of healing. Our ancestors recognized many paths—manghihilot, albularyo, babaylan—each serving the people.”
Rationale: Pre‑colonial healing was plural, autonomous, and community‑validated. [en.wikipedia.org] - Clarify HAB’s Role “We are an academy—an educational home—built to preserve, teach, and responsibly transmit Hilot Binabaylan amidst modern realities. We do not claim supremacy; we offer structure for continuity.”
Rationale: HAB is a container, not an empire. [beholdphil…ppines.com] - Invite Reciprocity “Let us collaborate on standards that protect communities and learners—grounded in cosmology, efficacy, ethics, and service—so hilot remains a necessity, not merely a commodity.”
Rationale: Collaboration resists commodification without context and prioritizes community health. [insights.m…ourism.com] - Return to Calling and Outcomes “Authority in hilot arises from calling, conduct, and healing outcomes. Where practice heals and uplifts, legitimacy follows.”
Rationale: Spirit‑led, outcome‑based validation mirrors ancestral norms. [en.wikipedia.org] - Keep the Conversation Sacred > “We offer dialogue with respect, mindful that hilot is a sacred trust. May our words and works serve the people and honor the spirits.”
> Rationale: Ritual respect maintains cultural integrity. [centerforb…tudies.org]
VIII. Practical Implications for Modern Practitioners and Groups
- For Practitioners: Cultivate efficacy, ethics, community relationships, and ongoing learning. Let your legitimacy arise from service and outcomes. [beholdphil…ppines.com]
- For Schools/Groups: Build curricula that embed cosmology, herbal knowledge, manual techniques, ritual respect, and community‑first ethics—not just marketable skills. [en.wikipedia.org]
- For the Public/Students: Seek training that honors hilot’s identity as necessity (health service) rather than commodity (brand alone). Verify community impact and cultural grounding. [difference.wiki], [en.wikipedia.org]
IX. Summary Table (Conceptual)
| Dimension | Pre‑Colonial Hilot | Modern Hilot (Market Context) |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Nature | Necessity (community health) | Commodity (when branded/sold) |
| Validation | Community & Spirits (efficacy, ethics) | Market & Certification (branding, fees) |
| Leadership | Autonomous, spirit‑led | Institutional roles (school, org leaders) |
| Core Aim | Healing & Balance | Healing + structure for continuity |
| Risk | None (market) | Commodification without cultural context |
Sources across sections: [beholdphil…ppines.com], [en.wikipedia.org], [nipino.com], [insights.m…ourism.com], [en.wikipedia.org], [centerforb…tudies.org], [difference.wiki], [en.wikipedia.org], [fiveable.me]
X. Closing
Hilot Binabaylan is not a brand to win a market contest; it is a living covenant between healer, community, and the spirits. The Hilot Academy of Binabaylan stands as a modern sanctuary—preserving, teaching, and transmitting a tradition whose legitimacy rests upon calling, conduct, and healing. In dialogue and collaboration, may we ensure that hilot remains what it has always been at heart: a necessity of communal life, not merely a commodity on the shelf.
References
- Behold Philippines, Hilot: The Ancient Filipino Art of Healing (Aug 14, 2024) – overview of hilot as holistic tradition and community healthcare. [beholdphil…ppines.com]
- Wikipedia, Hilot – origins, practices, and relation to shamanic traditions. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Wikipedia, Filipino shamans (babaylan) – roles, spiritual mediation, and community significance. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Center for Babaylan Studies, What is Babaylan? – descriptions of indigenous spiritual leadership and healing roles. [centerforb…tudies.org]
- Medical Tourism Magazine, The Ancient Practice of Hilot: Traditional Healing in the Modern World – modern integration and wellness contexts. [insights.m…ourism.com]
- Nipino.com, Hilot: Nurturing Body, Mind, and Spirit in Traditional Filipino Healing – historical roots and holistic principles. [nipino.com]
- Merriam‑Webster, Commodity – definitions and market framing. [merriam-webster.com]
- Wikipedia, Commodity – economic features and fungibility. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Fiveable, Necessities – Principles of Economics Key Term – demand inelasticity and essential goods. [fiveable.me]
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